Mastering Parts of Speech: Notes, Tricks & NCERT Solutions | Masterji.in
Understanding parts of speech is essential for mastering English grammar. Every word in a sentence belongs to a specific category, helping to structure communication effectively.
For detailed parts of speech notes, parts of speech tricks, NCERT solutions, and expert English notes, study with Masterji.in and enhance your grammar skills effortlessly!
Parts of Speech (शब्द-भेद)
Parts of Speech का अर्थ होता है शब्दों के प्रकार। ये शब्दों को उनके प्रयोग और कार्य के आधार पर विभाजित करते हैं।
अंग्रेजी भाषा में 8 प्रकार के Parts of Speech होते हैं:
1. Noun (संज्ञा)
2. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
3. Adjective (विशेषण)
4. Verb (क्रिया)
5. Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)
6. Preposition (संबंध सूचक अव्यय)
7. Conjunction (संयोजक अव्यय)
8. Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक अव्यय)
The English language consists of eight parts of speech that help in sentence formation and communication. Each part has a unique function. Let’s explore them in detail.
1. Noun (संज्ञा)
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Types of Nouns
- Proper Noun – Names a specific person, place, or thing.
- Example: India, Mahatma Gandhi, Delhi
- Common Noun – Refers to a general class or category of people, places, or things.
- Example: Boy, city, book
- Countable Noun – Can be counted in numbers.
- Example: Apple, book, chair
- Uncountable Noun – Cannot be counted in numbers.
- Example: Milk, water, rice, honesty
- Collective Noun – Represents a group of people, animals, or things.
- Example: Team, herd, bunch
- Abstract Noun – Represents ideas, qualities, or emotions.
- Example: Love, courage, beauty, happiness
- Material Noun – Refers to substances or materials.
- Example: Gold, silver, wood, iron
2. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
Types of Pronouns
- Personal Pronouns – Represent people or things.
- Example: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- Possessive Pronouns – Show ownership.
- Example: My, your, his, her, our, their
- Reflexive Pronouns – Refer back to the subject.
- Example: Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
- Demonstrative Pronouns – Point to something specific.
- Example: This, that, these, those
- Interrogative Pronouns – Used for asking questions.
- Example: Who, whom, whose, which, what
- Relative Pronouns – Connect clauses in a sentence.
- Example: Who, whom, whose, which, that
- Indefinite Pronouns – Refer to unspecific things or people.
- Example: Someone, anyone, everybody, nothing
3. Adjective (विशेषण)
An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun by giving more details.
Types of Adjectives
- Descriptive Adjective – Describes the quality of a noun.
- Example: Beautiful girl, large house
- Quantitative Adjective – Shows quantity or amount.
- Example: Some milk, few books, many students
- Numeral Adjective – Shows number or position.
- Example: First, second, five books
- Possessive Adjective – Shows ownership.
- Example: My book, his pen, our house
- Demonstrative Adjective – Points to a specific noun.
- Example: This car, that house, these apples
- Interrogative Adjective – Used in questions.
- Example: Which book, whose pen, what color
- Exclamatory Adjective – Shows strong emotions.
- Example: What a beautiful dress!
4. Verb (क्रिया)
A verb is a word that shows action or state of being.
Types of Verbs
- Action Verb – Shows an action.
- Example: Run, eat, write, jump
- Helping (Auxiliary) Verb – Helps the main verb in a sentence.
- Example: Is, am, are, was, were, has, have
- Modal Verb – Expresses ability, permission, obligation, possibility.
- Example: Can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would
- Transitive Verb – Requires an object.
- Example: She wrote a letter.
- Intransitive Verb – Does not require an object.
- Example: He sleeps well.
- Regular Verb – Forms past tense by adding -ed.
- Example: Play → Played, Work → Worked
- Irregular Verb – Changes completely in past tense.
- Example: Go → Went, Eat → Ate
5. Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb by giving extra information.
Types of Adverbs
- Adverb of Time – Tells when.
- Example: Yesterday, now, soon, later
- Adverb of Place – Tells where.
- Example: Here, there, everywhere
- Adverb of Manner – Tells how.
- Example: Slowly, quickly, carefully
- Adverb of Frequency – Tells how often.
- Example: Always, sometimes, never
- Adverb of Degree – Tells intensity.
- Example: Very, too, almost, quite
6. Preposition (संबंध सूचक अव्यय)
A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.
Examples of Prepositions
- Place: In, on, under, between (The book is on the table.)
- Time: At, on, in, before, after (I will meet you at 5 PM.)
- Direction: To, into, towards, from (He went into the room.)
7. Conjunction (संयोजक अव्यय)
A conjunction joins words, phrases, or sentences.
Types of Conjunctions
- Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) – Connect equal parts.
- For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
- Subordinating Conjunctions – Connect dependent and independent clauses.
- Because, although, since, unless, while
- Correlative Conjunctions – Used in pairs.
- Either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
8. Interjection (विस्मयादि बोधक)
An interjection is a word used to express emotions or sudden feelings.
Examples
- Happiness: Hurrah! Yippee!
- Surprise: Oh! Wow! Amazing!
- Pain: Ouch! Alas!
- Relief: Phew!
Trick to Remember the 8 Parts of Speech
New Problems Are Very Annoying Please Check It!
(Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection)
- Noun (संज्ञा) – Includes countable nouns (e.g., peacock) and uncountable nouns (material & abstract).
- Pronoun (सर्वनाम) – Categorized as Personal, Reflexive, Indefinite, Distributive, Demonstrative, Emphatic, Possessive, Interrogative, and Relative pronouns (PRIDEPRIDE).
- Adjective (विशेषण) – Describes nouns and includes Interrogative, Number, Quality, Quantity, Proper, Possessive, Emphasizing, Exclamatory, Distributive, and Demonstrative adjectives (INQPE²D).
- Verb (क्रिया) – Includes main verbs (transitive & intransitive), auxiliary verbs (helping, modal, phrasal, stative, linking), regular & irregular verbs, and action verbs.
- Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण) – Modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and includes Time, Place, Manner, Frequency, Reason, Degree, Interrogative, Affirmation, and Negation.
- Preposition (संबंध सूचक अव्यय) – Examples: At, In, Into, On, Between, Among, Beside, Over, Under, By, From, Till, Until, Before, After, Up, Down, Amid, Round, In favor of, etc.
- Conjunction (संयोजक अव्यय) – Words that connect clauses, phrases, or words (e.g., as well as, otherwise, so, else, so that, however, if, when, where, till, first, last).
- Interjection (विस्मयादि बोधक) – Expresses emotions such as sadness (Alas), joy (Hurrah, Yippee), surprise (Oh, Hello, Eureka), pain (Ouch), hesitation (Uh), relief (Phew), and admiration (Bravo).
Tricks to Remember Parts of Speech
- Nouns: Use “NAME” trick – If you can put “the” before it and it makes sense, it’s a noun. Example: The peacock (noun).
- Pronouns: Remember PRIDEPRIDE for different types.
- Adjectives: Use INQPE²D to recall different types. Example: Interrogative (Which book?), Number (Two apples), Proper (Indian culture).
- Verbs: Think “Action or State” – If it shows an action (run, eat) or a state (is, seems), it’s a verb.
- Adverbs: Remember T-P-M-F-R-D-I-A-N (Time, Place, Manner, Frequency, Reason, Degree, Interrogative, Affirmation, Negation).
- Prepositions: Visualize a box – Anything inside, outside, on, under, between, beside the box is a preposition.
- Conjunctions: Use FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) for coordinating conjunctions.
Interjections: Think of “emotions” – If a word expresses sudden emotion or reaction, it’s an interjection (Wow! Oh! Ouch!).
