📚 Primary Level English Grammar & Basic English
One and Many – Singular and Plural
इस lesson में बच्चे सीखेंगे कि एक वस्तु/व्यक्ति/जानवर और एक से अधिक को English में कैसे पहचानते और लिखते हैं।
🎯 Learning Objectives
बच्चे:
- Singular और Plural का अर्थ समझेंगे।
- One और Many में अंतर कर सकेंगे।
- सामान्य words में -s लगाकर plural बना सकेंगे।
- -es वाले words पहचान सकेंगे।
- Pictures देखकर one/many बता सकेंगे।
- छोटे sentences में singular और plural words का प्रयोग कर सकेंगे।
1. Singular क्या होता है?
जब हम एक व्यक्ति, एक जानवर, एक स्थान या एक वस्तु की बात करते हैं, तो उसे Singular कहते हैं।
Examples:
one boy 👦
one girl 👧
one cat 🐱
one book 📖
one apple 🍎
👉 One = Singular
2. Plural क्या होता है?
जब हम एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, जानवर, स्थान या वस्तुओं की बात करते हैं, तो उसे Plural कहते हैं।
Examples:
two boys 👦👦
three girls 👧👧👧
two cats 🐱🐱
four books 📚
five apples 🍎🍎🍎
👉 More than one = Plural
3. Easy Trick
Singular
ONE
Plural
TWO OR MORE
याद रखें:
One = Singular
More than one = Plural
4. Singular → Plural
अधिकांश छोटे words में plural बनाने के लिए -s लगाया जाता है।
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| book | books |
| pen | pens |
| cat | cats |
| dog | dogs |
| boy | boys |
| girl | girls |
| ball | balls |
| bag | bags |
| tree | trees |
| car | cars |
5. Picture Learning 🖼️
🐱 One Cat
cat
🐱🐱 Two Cats
cats
📖 One Book
book
📚📚 Three Books
books
🍎 One Apple
apple
🍎🍎🍎 Many Apples
apples
बच्चों से पूछें:
How many?
अगर एक है:
One cat.
अगर कई हैं:
Two cats.
6. Add “s”
यह सबसे आसान plural rule है।
book → books
pen → pens
dog → dogs
cat → cats
ball → balls
cup → cups
toy → toys
car → cars
7. Practice: Add “s”
- book → ______
- cat → ______
- dog → ______
- pen → ______
- bag → ______
- ball → ______
- tree → ______
- cup → ______
Answers
- books
- cats
- dogs
- pens
- bags
- balls
- trees
- cups
8. Words Ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o
कुछ words में plural बनाते समय -es लगाया जाता है।
Examples:
bus → buses
class → classes
dish → dishes
brush → brushes
watch → watches
box → boxes
potato → potatoes
Primary level पर बच्चों को पहले examples के साथ rule याद करवाएँ।
9. Add “es”
bus → buses
box → boxes
dish → dishes
brush → brushes
watch → watches
class → classes
10. Singular या Plural पहचानिए
1. cat
👉 Singular
2. cats
👉 Plural
3. book
👉 Singular
4. books
👉 Plural
5. boxes
👉 Plural
6. pen
👉 Singular
11. One या Many?
🐶
One dog
🐶🐶🐶
Three dogs
🍌
One banana
🍌🍌🍌🍌
Four bananas
✏️
One pencil
✏️✏️
Two pencils
12. Fill in the Blanks
1. One cat, two ______.
Answer: cats
2. One book, three ______.
Answer: books
3. One pen, five ______.
Answer: pens
4. One dog, four ______.
Answer: dogs
5. One box, two ______.
Answer: boxes
13. Choose the Correct Word
1. One ______
A. cats
B. cat
Answer: cat
2. Two ______
A. dog
B. dogs
Answer: dogs
3. One ______
A. books
B. book
Answer: book
4. Three ______
A. pencils
B. pencil
Answer: pencils
5. Two ______
A. box
B. boxes
Answer: boxes
14. Sentence Practice
Singular
This is a cat.
This is a book.
This is a pen.
That is a dog.
Plural
These are cats.
These are books.
These are pens.
Those are dogs.
बच्चों को अभी केवल basic difference समझाएँ:
This → one
These → many
15. This and These
One
This is a book. 📖
Many
These are books. 📚
One
This is a pencil. ✏️
Many
These are pencils. ✏️✏️✏️
16. That and Those
One
That is a tree. 🌳
Many
Those are trees. 🌳🌳🌳
One
That is a bird. 🐦
Many
Those are birds. 🐦🐦🐦
17. Make Plural
इन words को plural बनाइए:
- apple → ______
- mango → ______
- chair → ______
- table → ______
- toy → ______
- flower → ______
- school → ______
- star → ______
- bus → ______
- box → ______
Answers
- apples
- mangoes
- chairs
- tables
- toys
- flowers
- schools
- stars
- buses
- boxes
18. Make Singular
Plural को Singular में बदलिए:
- cats → ______
- books → ______
- dogs → ______
- pens → ______
- boxes → ______
- buses → ______
- apples → ______
- chairs → ______
Answers
- cat
- book
- dog
- pen
- box
- bus
- apple
- chair
19. Special Plural Words
कुछ common words में केवल -s / -es नहीं लगाया जाता। उनका plural अलग होता है।
Primary बच्चों के लिए कुछ बहुत common examples:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| man | men |
| woman | women |
| child | children |
| tooth | teeth |
| foot | feet |
| mouse | mice |
विशेष रूप से याद करें:
one child → two children
one man → two men
one woman → two women
20. Picture-Based Practice
👦 One child
child
👦👦👦 Many children
children
👨 One man
man
👨👨 Two men
men
🦷 One tooth
tooth
🦷🦷 Many teeth
teeth
21. Question–Answer Practice
Q1. What is Singular?
Answer: Singular means one person, animal, place or thing.
Q2. What is Plural?
Answer: Plural means more than one.
Q3. What is the plural of cat?
Answer: cats
Q4. What is the plural of book?
Answer: books
Q5. What is the plural of box?
Answer: boxes
Q6. What is the plural of child?
Answer: children
Q7. What is the singular of dogs?
Answer: dog
Q8. What is the singular of books?
Answer: book
Q9. What is the plural of man?
Answer: men
Q10. What is the plural of tooth?
Answer: teeth
🎮 Fun Activity – One or Many?
Teacher picture/card दिखाएँ और बच्चे बोलें:
🐱
One cat!
🐱🐱
Two cats!
📖
One book!
📖📖📖
Three books!
🍎🍎🍎🍎
Four apples!
🎲 Classroom Game – Add “S”
Teacher बोले:
cat
बच्चे:
cats!
Teacher:
dog
बच्चे:
dogs!
Teacher:
pen
बच्चे:
pens!
Teacher:
book
बच्चे:
books!
इस activity को तेज़ गति से करवाने पर बच्चों की spelling practice भी होगी।
✏️ Classwork
A. Write Singular or Plural
- cat → ______
- books → ______
- dog → ______
- pencils → ______
- box → ______
- buses → ______
- apple → ______
- children → ______
Answers
- Singular
- Plural
- Singular
- Plural
- Singular
- Plural
- Singular
- Plural
B. Change into Plural
- cat → ______
- pen → ______
- dog → ______
- ball → ______
- box → ______
- bus → ______
- child → ______
- man → ______
Answers
- cats
- pens
- dogs
- balls
- boxes
- buses
- children
- men
C. Complete the Sentences
- One boy, two ______.
- One girl, three ______.
- One book, four ______.
- One box, two ______.
- One child, five ______.
Answers
- boys
- girls
- books
- boxes
- children
🏠 Homework
Homework 1
Write the plural forms:
cat, dog, book, pen, bag, ball, tree, flower, car, toy
Homework 2
Write the singular forms:
cats, dogs, books, pens, bags, balls, trees, flowers, cars, toys
Homework 3
Draw pictures of:
- One apple
- Many apples
- One book
- Many books
- One cat
- Many cats
Write their English names below the pictures.
Homework 4
Learn these special plurals:
man → men
woman → women
child → children
tooth → teeth
foot → feet
⭐ Quick Revision
One = Singular
👦 boy
🐱 cat
📖 book
More than one = Plural
👦👦 boys
🐱🐱 cats
📚 books
Main Rule:
Most words + s = Plural
cat → cats
book → books
pen → pens
Some words + es:
box → boxes
bus → buses
dish → dishes
Special words:
child → children
man → men
woman → women
tooth → teeth
foot → feet
🌟 One is Singular; More than one is Plural!
📝 Mini Test
- What is Singular?
- What is Plural?
- Write the plural of cat.
- Write the plural of box.
- Write the plural of child.
- Write the singular of dogs.
- Write the singular of books.
- Complete: One pen, two ______.
- Complete: One bus, three ______.
- Complete: One man, two ______.
Answer Key
- One person, animal, place or thing.
- More than one.
- cats
- boxes
- children
- dog
- book
- pens
- buses
- men